The structure of the fume cupboard is up down type, there is an exhaust hole on the top of the cupboard, a fan can be installed.

The upper cabinet has a deflector plate, circuit control touch switch, power socket, etc. The window is made of toughened glass can be moved left, right up down. For people to operate.

The lower cabinet adopts the style of experimental side table, above the countertop, below the cabinet. The countertop can be installed with small water cups faucets.

Fume hoods are made of various materials, such as all-steel, steel wood, all-wood, aluminum wood, plastic steel, PVC structure, etc. The countertop is in direct contact with the operator, is made of solid-core physicochemical board, stainless steel plate, PVC, ceramic other materials.

Old fume hoods are mostly made of wood, but modern ones are mostly made of steel coated with epoxy resin. Commonly, the cabinets are 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800 2000 millimeters wide, 700-900 millimeters deep 1900-2400 millimeters high. They can be used by 1-3 people at the same time. Fume cupboards are usually installed against a wall.

In the middle of the front is a transparent door (mostly glass) that can be moved up down, the opening height is usually 100-600 mm. Behind the door for the experiments carried out on the work surface, there are water pipes, sewerage, power supply, vacuum pumps, air pipelines other experiments need to be connected, on the lamp with a protective cover lighting. The air is extracted by the exhaust fan above the front of the cabinet, led elsewhere by the pipeline (known as full ventilation), filtered re-circulated (become ductless ventilation).

Most fume hoods will sound an alarm to alert the operator when (1) the exhaust volume is too low (2) the front glass door is opened too far. The internal exhaust fan speed lights are adjustable with switches.

To use the unit, a person stands sits in front of the cabinet, lowers the glass door as far as possible, reaches under the door to perform experiments. Since the exhaust fan draws air inward through the open door, under normal conditions there will be no significant spillage of hazardous gases.